Ozone and Daily Mortality in Shanghai, China

BACKGROUND: Controversy remains regarding the relationship between ambient ozone and mortality worldwide. In mainland China, the largest developing country, there has been no prior study investigating the acute effect of O(3) on death risk. Given the changes in types of air pollution from convention...

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Main Authors: Zhang, Yunhui, Huang, Wei, London, Stephanie J., Song, Guixiang, Chen, Guohai, Jiang, Lili, Zhao, Naiqing, Chen, Bingheng, Kan, Haidong
Formato: Artigo
Idioma:English
Publicado em: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2006
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Research
Acesso em linha:https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1552011/
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16882530
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9014
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spelling pubmed-15520112006-08-29 Ozone and Daily Mortality in Shanghai, China Zhang, Yunhui Huang, Wei London, Stephanie J. Song, Guixiang Chen, Guohai Jiang, Lili Zhao, Naiqing Chen, Bingheng Kan, Haidong Environ Health Perspect Research BACKGROUND: Controversy remains regarding the relationship between ambient ozone and mortality worldwide. In mainland China, the largest developing country, there has been no prior study investigating the acute effect of O(3) on death risk. Given the changes in types of air pollution from conventional coal combustion to the mixed coal combustion/motor vehicle emissions in China’s large cities, it is worthwhile to investigate the acute effect of O(3) on mortality outcomes in the country. OBJECTIVES: We conducted a time-series study to investigate the relation between O(3) and daily mortality in Shanghai using 4 years of daily data (2001–2004). METHODS: We used the generalized additive model with penalized splines to analyze mortality, O(3) pollution, and covariate data in warm and cold seasons. We considered daily counts of all-cause mortality and several cause-specific subcategories (respiratory and cardiovascular). We also examined these associations among several subpopulations based on age and sex. RESULTS: O(3) was significantly associated with total and cardiovascular mortality in the cold season but not in the warm season. In the whole-year analysis, an increase of 10 μg/m(3) of 2-day average (lag01) O(3) corresponds to 0.45% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.16–0.73%], 0.53% (95% CI, 0.10–0.96%), and 0.35% (95% CI, −0.40 to 1.09%) increase of total nonaccidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality, respectively. In the cold season, the estimates increased to 1.38% (95% CI, 0.68–2.07%), 1.53% (95% CI, 0.54–2.52%), and 0.95% (95% CI, −0.71 to 2.60%), respectively. In the warm season, we did not observe significant associations for both total and cause-specific mortality. The results were generally insensitive to model specifications such as lag structure of O(3) concentrations and degree of freedom for time trend. Multipollutant models indicate that the effect of O(3) was not confounded by particulate matter ≤ 10 μm in diameter (PM(10)) or by sulfur dioxide; however, after adding nitrogen dioxide into the model, the association of O(3) with total and cardiovascular mortality became statistically insignificant. CONCLUSIONS: O(3) pollution has stronger health effects in the cold than in the warm season in Shanghai. Our analyses also strengthen the rationale for further limiting levels of O(3) pollution in outdoor air in the city. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2006-08 2006-05-18 /pmc/articles/PMC1552011/ /pubmed/16882530 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9014 Text en http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Publication of EHP lies in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from EHP may be reprinted freely. Use of materials published in EHP should be acknowledged (for example, ?Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives?); pertinent reference information should be provided for the article from which the material was reproduced. Articles from EHP, especially the News section, may contain photographs or illustrations copyrighted by other commercial organizations or individuals that may not be used without obtaining prior approval from the holder of the copyright.
institution US National Library of Medicine
collection PubMed Central
language English
format Article
topic Research
spellingShingle Research
Zhang, Yunhui
Huang, Wei
London, Stephanie J.
Song, Guixiang
Chen, Guohai
Jiang, Lili
Zhao, Naiqing
Chen, Bingheng
Kan, Haidong
Ozone and Daily Mortality in Shanghai, China
description BACKGROUND: Controversy remains regarding the relationship between ambient ozone and mortality worldwide. In mainland China, the largest developing country, there has been no prior study investigating the acute effect of O(3) on death risk. Given the changes in types of air pollution from conventional coal combustion to the mixed coal combustion/motor vehicle emissions in China’s large cities, it is worthwhile to investigate the acute effect of O(3) on mortality outcomes in the country. OBJECTIVES: We conducted a time-series study to investigate the relation between O(3) and daily mortality in Shanghai using 4 years of daily data (2001–2004). METHODS: We used the generalized additive model with penalized splines to analyze mortality, O(3) pollution, and covariate data in warm and cold seasons. We considered daily counts of all-cause mortality and several cause-specific subcategories (respiratory and cardiovascular). We also examined these associations among several subpopulations based on age and sex. RESULTS: O(3) was significantly associated with total and cardiovascular mortality in the cold season but not in the warm season. In the whole-year analysis, an increase of 10 μg/m(3) of 2-day average (lag01) O(3) corresponds to 0.45% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.16–0.73%], 0.53% (95% CI, 0.10–0.96%), and 0.35% (95% CI, −0.40 to 1.09%) increase of total nonaccidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality, respectively. In the cold season, the estimates increased to 1.38% (95% CI, 0.68–2.07%), 1.53% (95% CI, 0.54–2.52%), and 0.95% (95% CI, −0.71 to 2.60%), respectively. In the warm season, we did not observe significant associations for both total and cause-specific mortality. The results were generally insensitive to model specifications such as lag structure of O(3) concentrations and degree of freedom for time trend. Multipollutant models indicate that the effect of O(3) was not confounded by particulate matter ≤ 10 μm in diameter (PM(10)) or by sulfur dioxide; however, after adding nitrogen dioxide into the model, the association of O(3) with total and cardiovascular mortality became statistically insignificant. CONCLUSIONS: O(3) pollution has stronger health effects in the cold than in the warm season in Shanghai. Our analyses also strengthen the rationale for further limiting levels of O(3) pollution in outdoor air in the city.
author Zhang, Yunhui
Huang, Wei
London, Stephanie J.
Song, Guixiang
Chen, Guohai
Jiang, Lili
Zhao, Naiqing
Chen, Bingheng
Kan, Haidong
author_facet Zhang, Yunhui
Huang, Wei
London, Stephanie J.
Song, Guixiang
Chen, Guohai
Jiang, Lili
Zhao, Naiqing
Chen, Bingheng
Kan, Haidong
author_sort Zhang, Yunhui
title Ozone and Daily Mortality in Shanghai, China
title_short Ozone and Daily Mortality in Shanghai, China
title_full Ozone and Daily Mortality in Shanghai, China
title_fullStr Ozone and Daily Mortality in Shanghai, China
title_full_unstemmed Ozone and Daily Mortality in Shanghai, China
title_sort ozone and daily mortality in shanghai, china
publisher National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
publisher_facet National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
publishDate 2006
url https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1552011/
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16882530
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9014
_version_ 1760323411643465728

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