Early Childhood Lower Respiratory Illness and Air Pollution

BACKGROUND: Few studies of air pollutants address morbidity in preschool children. In this study we evaluated bronchitis in children from two Czech districts: Teplice, with high ambient air pollution, and Prachatice, characterized by lower exposures. OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to examine rates of lowe...

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Autors principals: Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Baker, Rebecca James, Yap, Poh-Sin, Dostál, Miroslav, Joad, Jesse P., Lipsett, Michael, Greenfield, Teri, Herr, Caroline E.W., Beneš, Ivan, Shumway, Robert H., Pinkerton, Kent E., Šrám, Radim
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Idioma:English
Publicat: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2007
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Research
Accés en línia:https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2022654/
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17938744
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9617
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spelling pubmed-20226542007-10-15 Early Childhood Lower Respiratory Illness and Air Pollution Hertz-Picciotto, Irva Baker, Rebecca James Yap, Poh-Sin Dostál, Miroslav Joad, Jesse P. Lipsett, Michael Greenfield, Teri Herr, Caroline E.W. Beneš, Ivan Shumway, Robert H. Pinkerton, Kent E. Šrám, Radim Environ Health Perspect Research BACKGROUND: Few studies of air pollutants address morbidity in preschool children. In this study we evaluated bronchitis in children from two Czech districts: Teplice, with high ambient air pollution, and Prachatice, characterized by lower exposures. OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to examine rates of lower respiratory illnesses in preschool children in relation to ambient particles and hydrocarbons. METHODS: Air monitoring for particulate matter < 2.5 μm in diameter (PM(2.5)) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was conducted daily, every third day, or every sixth day. Children born May 1994 through December 1998 were followed to 3 or 4.5 years of age to ascertain illness diagnoses. Mothers completed questionnaires at birth and at follow-up regarding demographic, lifestyle, reproductive, and home environmental factors. Longitudinal multivariate repeated-measures analysis was used to quantify rate ratios for bronchitis and for total lower respiratory illnesses in 1,133 children. RESULTS: After adjustment for season, temperature, and other covariates, bronchitis rates increased with rising pollutant concentrations. Below 2 years of age, increments in 30-day averages of 100 ng/m(3) PAHs and of 25 μg/m(3) PM(2.5) resulted in rate ratios (RRs) for bronchitis of 1.29 [95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.07–1.54] and 1.30 (95% CI, 1.08–1.58), respectively; from 2 to 4.5 years of age, these RRs were 1.56 (95% CI, 1.22–2.00) and 1.23 (95% CI, 0.94–1.62), respectively. CONCLUSION: Ambient PAHs and fine particles were associated with early-life susceptibility to bronchitis. Associations were stronger for longer pollutant-averaging periods and, among children > 2 years of age, for PAHs compared with fine particles. Preschool-age children may be particularly vulnerable to air pollution–induced illnesses. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2007-10 2007-05-22 /pmc/articles/PMC2022654/ /pubmed/17938744 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9617 Text en http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Publication of EHP lies in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from EHP may be reprinted freely. Use of materials published in EHP should be acknowledged (for example, ?Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives?); pertinent reference information should be provided for the article from which the material was reproduced. Articles from EHP, especially the News section, may contain photographs or illustrations copyrighted by other commercial organizations or individuals that may not be used without obtaining prior approval from the holder of the copyright.
institution US National Library of Medicine
collection PubMed Central
language English
format Article
topic Research
spellingShingle Research
Hertz-Picciotto, Irva
Baker, Rebecca James
Yap, Poh-Sin
Dostál, Miroslav
Joad, Jesse P.
Lipsett, Michael
Greenfield, Teri
Herr, Caroline E.W.
Beneš, Ivan
Shumway, Robert H.
Pinkerton, Kent E.
Šrám, Radim
Early Childhood Lower Respiratory Illness and Air Pollution
description BACKGROUND: Few studies of air pollutants address morbidity in preschool children. In this study we evaluated bronchitis in children from two Czech districts: Teplice, with high ambient air pollution, and Prachatice, characterized by lower exposures. OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to examine rates of lower respiratory illnesses in preschool children in relation to ambient particles and hydrocarbons. METHODS: Air monitoring for particulate matter < 2.5 μm in diameter (PM(2.5)) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was conducted daily, every third day, or every sixth day. Children born May 1994 through December 1998 were followed to 3 or 4.5 years of age to ascertain illness diagnoses. Mothers completed questionnaires at birth and at follow-up regarding demographic, lifestyle, reproductive, and home environmental factors. Longitudinal multivariate repeated-measures analysis was used to quantify rate ratios for bronchitis and for total lower respiratory illnesses in 1,133 children. RESULTS: After adjustment for season, temperature, and other covariates, bronchitis rates increased with rising pollutant concentrations. Below 2 years of age, increments in 30-day averages of 100 ng/m(3) PAHs and of 25 μg/m(3) PM(2.5) resulted in rate ratios (RRs) for bronchitis of 1.29 [95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.07–1.54] and 1.30 (95% CI, 1.08–1.58), respectively; from 2 to 4.5 years of age, these RRs were 1.56 (95% CI, 1.22–2.00) and 1.23 (95% CI, 0.94–1.62), respectively. CONCLUSION: Ambient PAHs and fine particles were associated with early-life susceptibility to bronchitis. Associations were stronger for longer pollutant-averaging periods and, among children > 2 years of age, for PAHs compared with fine particles. Preschool-age children may be particularly vulnerable to air pollution–induced illnesses.
author Hertz-Picciotto, Irva
Baker, Rebecca James
Yap, Poh-Sin
Dostál, Miroslav
Joad, Jesse P.
Lipsett, Michael
Greenfield, Teri
Herr, Caroline E.W.
Beneš, Ivan
Shumway, Robert H.
Pinkerton, Kent E.
Šrám, Radim
author_facet Hertz-Picciotto, Irva
Baker, Rebecca James
Yap, Poh-Sin
Dostál, Miroslav
Joad, Jesse P.
Lipsett, Michael
Greenfield, Teri
Herr, Caroline E.W.
Beneš, Ivan
Shumway, Robert H.
Pinkerton, Kent E.
Šrám, Radim
author_sort Hertz-Picciotto, Irva
title Early Childhood Lower Respiratory Illness and Air Pollution
title_short Early Childhood Lower Respiratory Illness and Air Pollution
title_full Early Childhood Lower Respiratory Illness and Air Pollution
title_fullStr Early Childhood Lower Respiratory Illness and Air Pollution
title_full_unstemmed Early Childhood Lower Respiratory Illness and Air Pollution
title_sort early childhood lower respiratory illness and air pollution
publisher National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
publisher_facet National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
publishDate 2007
url https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2022654/
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17938744
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9617
_version_ 1760499418675544064

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