Gap junction protein expression and cellularity: comparison of immature and adult equine digital tendons

Injury to the energy-storing superficial digital flexor tendon is common in equine athletes and is age-related. Tenocytes in the superficial digital flexor tendon of adult horses appear to have limited ability to respond adaptively to exercise or prevent the accumulation of strain-induced microdamag...

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Main Authors: Stanley, Rachael L, Fleck, Roland A, Becker, David L, Goodship, Allen E, Ralphs, Jim R, Patterson-Kane, Janet C
Formato: Artigo
Idioma:English
Publicado em: Blackwell Science Inc 2007
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Original Articles
Acesso em linha:https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2375813/
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17848160
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00781.x
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spelling pubmed-23758132009-09-01 Gap junction protein expression and cellularity: comparison of immature and adult equine digital tendons Stanley, Rachael L Fleck, Roland A Becker, David L Goodship, Allen E Ralphs, Jim R Patterson-Kane, Janet C J Anat Original Articles Injury to the energy-storing superficial digital flexor tendon is common in equine athletes and is age-related. Tenocytes in the superficial digital flexor tendon of adult horses appear to have limited ability to respond adaptively to exercise or prevent the accumulation of strain-induced microdamage. It has been suggested that conditioning exercise should be introduced during the growth period, when tenocytes may be more responsive to increased quantities or intensities of mechanical strain. Tenocytes are linked into networks by gap junctions that allow coordination of synthetic activity and facilitate strain-induced collagen synthesis. We hypothesised that there are reductions in cellular expression of the gap junction proteins connexin (Cx) 43 and 32 during maturation and ageing of the superficial digital flexor tendon that do not occur in the non-injury-prone common digital extensor tendon. Cryosections from the superficial digital flexor tendon and common digital extensor tendon of 5 fetuses, 5 foals (1–6 months), 5 young adults (2–7 years) and 5 old horses (18–33 years) were immunofluorescently labelled and quantitative confocal laser microscopy was performed. Expression of Cx43 and Cx32 protein per tenocyte was significantly higher in the fetal group compared with all other age groups in both tendons. The density of tenocytes was found to be highest in immature tissue. Higher levels of cellularity and connexin protein expression in immature tendons are likely to relate to requirements for tissue remodelling and growth. However, if further studies demonstrate that this correlates with greater gap junctional communication efficiency and synthetic responsiveness to mechanical strain in immature compared with adult tendons, it could support the concept of early introduction of controlled exercise as a means of increasing resistance to later injury. Blackwell Science Inc 2007-09 /pmc/articles/PMC2375813/ /pubmed/17848160 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00781.x Text en © 2007 The Authors Journal compilation © 2007 Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
institution US National Library of Medicine
collection PubMed Central
language English
format Article
topic Original Articles
spellingShingle Original Articles
Stanley, Rachael L
Fleck, Roland A
Becker, David L
Goodship, Allen E
Ralphs, Jim R
Patterson-Kane, Janet C
Gap junction protein expression and cellularity: comparison of immature and adult equine digital tendons
description Injury to the energy-storing superficial digital flexor tendon is common in equine athletes and is age-related. Tenocytes in the superficial digital flexor tendon of adult horses appear to have limited ability to respond adaptively to exercise or prevent the accumulation of strain-induced microdamage. It has been suggested that conditioning exercise should be introduced during the growth period, when tenocytes may be more responsive to increased quantities or intensities of mechanical strain. Tenocytes are linked into networks by gap junctions that allow coordination of synthetic activity and facilitate strain-induced collagen synthesis. We hypothesised that there are reductions in cellular expression of the gap junction proteins connexin (Cx) 43 and 32 during maturation and ageing of the superficial digital flexor tendon that do not occur in the non-injury-prone common digital extensor tendon. Cryosections from the superficial digital flexor tendon and common digital extensor tendon of 5 fetuses, 5 foals (1–6 months), 5 young adults (2–7 years) and 5 old horses (18–33 years) were immunofluorescently labelled and quantitative confocal laser microscopy was performed. Expression of Cx43 and Cx32 protein per tenocyte was significantly higher in the fetal group compared with all other age groups in both tendons. The density of tenocytes was found to be highest in immature tissue. Higher levels of cellularity and connexin protein expression in immature tendons are likely to relate to requirements for tissue remodelling and growth. However, if further studies demonstrate that this correlates with greater gap junctional communication efficiency and synthetic responsiveness to mechanical strain in immature compared with adult tendons, it could support the concept of early introduction of controlled exercise as a means of increasing resistance to later injury.
author Stanley, Rachael L
Fleck, Roland A
Becker, David L
Goodship, Allen E
Ralphs, Jim R
Patterson-Kane, Janet C
author_facet Stanley, Rachael L
Fleck, Roland A
Becker, David L
Goodship, Allen E
Ralphs, Jim R
Patterson-Kane, Janet C
author_sort Stanley, Rachael L
title Gap junction protein expression and cellularity: comparison of immature and adult equine digital tendons
title_short Gap junction protein expression and cellularity: comparison of immature and adult equine digital tendons
title_full Gap junction protein expression and cellularity: comparison of immature and adult equine digital tendons
title_fullStr Gap junction protein expression and cellularity: comparison of immature and adult equine digital tendons
title_full_unstemmed Gap junction protein expression and cellularity: comparison of immature and adult equine digital tendons
title_sort gap junction protein expression and cellularity: comparison of immature and adult equine digital tendons
publisher Blackwell Science Inc
publisher_facet Blackwell Science Inc
publishDate 2007
url https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2375813/
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17848160
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.govhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00781.x
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