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Oral vanadyl sulfate improves hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
We examined the in vivo metabolic effects of vanadyl sulfate (VS) in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Six NIDDM subjects treated with diet and/or sulfonylureas were examined at the end of three consecutive periods: placebo for 2 wk, VS (100 mg/d) for 3 wk, and placebo for 2 wk. Eugly...
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pubmed-2959322004-07-07 Oral vanadyl sulfate improves hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Cohen, N Halberstam, M Shlimovich, P Chang, C J Shamoon, H Rossetti, L J Clin Invest Research Article We examined the in vivo metabolic effects of vanadyl sulfate (VS) in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Six NIDDM subjects treated with diet and/or sulfonylureas were examined at the end of three consecutive periods: placebo for 2 wk, VS (100 mg/d) for 3 wk, and placebo for 2 wk. Euglycemic hyperinsulinemic (30 mU/m2.min) clamps and oral glucose tolerance tests were performed at the end of each study period. Glycemic control at baseline was poor (fasting plasma glucose 210 +/- 19 mg/dl; HbA1c 9.6 +/- 0.6%) and improved after treatment (181 +/- 14 mg/dl [P < 0.05], 8.8 +/- 0.6%, [P < 0.002]); fasting and post-glucose tolerance test plasma insulin concentrations were unchanged. After VS, the glucose infusion rate during the clamp was increased (by approximately 88%, from 1.80 to 3.38 mg/kg.min, P < 0.0001). This improvement was due to both enhanced insulin-mediated stimulation of glucose uptake (rate of glucose disposal [Rd], +0.89 mg/kg.min) and increased inhibition of HGP (-0.74 mg/kg.min) (P < 0.0001 for both). Increased insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis (+0.74 mg/kg.min, P < 0.0003) accounted for > 80% of the increased Rd after VS, and the improvement in insulin sensitivity was maintained after the second placebo period. The Km of skeletal muscle glycogen synthase was lowered by approximately 30% after VS treatment (P < 0.05). These results indicate that 3 wk of treatment with VS improves hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant NIDDM humans. These effects were sustained for up to 2 wk after discontinuation of VS. 1995-06 /pmc/articles/PMC295932/ /pubmed/7769096 Text en |
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Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article |
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Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Research Article Cohen, N Halberstam, M Shlimovich, P Chang, C J Shamoon, H Rossetti, L Kubes, P Jutila, M Payne, D Keaney, J F Xu, A Cunningham, D Jackson, T Frei, B Vita, J A Hu, Q Trevisan, M Xu, Y Dong, W Berger, S A Lyman, S D Minden, M D Dickson, K Philip, A Warshawsky, H O'Connor-McCourt, M Bergeron, J J Palmer, J N Hartogensis, W E Patten, M Fortuin, F D Long, C S Arnal, J F Münzel, T Venema, R C James, N L Bai, C L Mitch, W E Harrison, D G Franco, R S Palascak, M Thompson, H Joiner, C H Janes, C H Dickson, E R Okazaki, R Bonde, S McDonagh, A F Riggs, B L Theus, S A Andrews, R P Steele, P Walzer, P D Santanam, N Parthasarathy, S Molossi, S Elices, M Arrhenius, T Diaz, R Coulber, C Rabinovitch, M Holvoet, P Perez, G Zhao, Z Brouwers, E Bernar, H Collen, D McCray, P B Armstrong, K Zabner, J Miller, D W Koretzky, G A Couture, L Robillard, J E Smith, A E Welsh, M J Weller, M Malipiero, U Aguzzi, A Reed, J C Fontana, A Zuany-Amorim, C Hailé, S Leduc, D Dumarey, C Huerre, M Vargaftig, B B Pretolani, M Sztalryd, C Komaromy, M C Kraemer, F B Feldman, L J Steg, P G Zheng, L P Chen, D Kearney, M McGarr, S E Barry, J J Dedieu, J F Perricaudet, M Isner, J M Sebbag, M Simon, M Vincent, C Masson-Bessière, C Girbal, E Durieux, J J Serre, G Gorn, A H Rudolph, S M Flannery, M R Morton, C C Weremowicz, S Wang, T Z Krane, S M Goldring, S R Ylä-Herttuala, S Luoma, J Viita, H Hiltunen, T Sisto, T Nikkari, T O'Riordan, D M Standing, J E Kwon, K Y Chang, D Crouch, E C Limper, A H Balashov, K E Khoury, S J Hafler, D A Weiner, H L Ivey, C L Williams, F M Collins, P D Jose, P J Williams, T J Cichy, J Potempa, J Chawla, R K Travis, J Silldorff, E P Yang, S Pallone, T L Juncos, L A Garvin, J Carretero, O A Ito, S DeCoy, D L Snapper, J R Breyer, M D Mbalaviele, G Chen, H Boyce, B F Mundy, G R Yoneda, T Kagaya, Y Weinberg, E O Ito, N Mochizuki, T Barry, W H Lorell, B H Irons, R D Le, A T Som, D B Stillman, W S Cross, A H Girard, T J Giacoletto, K S Evans, R J Keeling, R M Lin, R F Trotter, J L Karr, R W Uhing, M R Kimura, R E Uhing, M R Kimura, R E Ahmad, F Considine, R V Goldstein, B J Kaneko, M Swanson, M C Gleich, G J Kita, H Evers, B M Zhou, Z Celano, P Li, J Gelbmann, C M Schteingart, C D Thompson, S M Hofmann, A F Barrett, K E Bellmann, K Wenz, A Radons, J Burkart, V Kleemann, R Kolb, H de la Mata, J Uy, H L Guise, T A Story, B Boyce, B F Mundy, G R Roodman, G D Fasano, A Noriega, F R Maneval, D R Chanasongcram, S Russell, R Guandalini, S Levine, M M Heidenreich, S Tepel, M Schlüter, H Harrach, B Zidek, W Kasama, T Strieter, R M Lukacs, N W Lincoln, P M Burdick, M D Kunkel, S L Salmon, J E Millard, S S Brogle, N L Kimberly, R P Bellido, T Jilka, R L Boyce, B F Girasole, G Broxmeyer, H Dalrymple, S A Murray, R Manolagas, S C Kennedy, B Bigby, T D Ziegler, M G Marsh, N L Elias, P M Holleran, W M Prank, K Nowlan, S J Harms, H M Kloppstech, M Brabant, G Hesch, R D Sejnowski, T J Hino, S Katamine, S Miyamoto, T Doi, H Tsuji, Y Yamabe, T Kaplan, J E Rudolph, D L Lal, R B Nair, K S Ford, G C Ekberg, K Fernqvist-Forbes, E Wahren, J Oral vanadyl sulfate improves hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. |
| description |
We examined the in vivo metabolic effects of vanadyl sulfate (VS) in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Six NIDDM subjects treated with diet and/or sulfonylureas were examined at the end of three consecutive periods: placebo for 2 wk, VS (100 mg/d) for 3 wk, and placebo for 2 wk. Euglycemic hyperinsulinemic (30 mU/m2.min) clamps and oral glucose tolerance tests were performed at the end of each study period. Glycemic control at baseline was poor (fasting plasma glucose 210 +/- 19 mg/dl; HbA1c 9.6 +/- 0.6%) and improved after treatment (181 +/- 14 mg/dl [P < 0.05], 8.8 +/- 0.6%, [P < 0.002]); fasting and post-glucose tolerance test plasma insulin concentrations were unchanged. After VS, the glucose infusion rate during the clamp was increased (by approximately 88%, from 1.80 to 3.38 mg/kg.min, P < 0.0001). This improvement was due to both enhanced insulin-mediated stimulation of glucose uptake (rate of glucose disposal [Rd], +0.89 mg/kg.min) and increased inhibition of HGP (-0.74 mg/kg.min) (P < 0.0001 for both). Increased insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis (+0.74 mg/kg.min, P < 0.0003) accounted for > 80% of the increased Rd after VS, and the improvement in insulin sensitivity was maintained after the second placebo period. The Km of skeletal muscle glycogen synthase was lowered by approximately 30% after VS treatment (P < 0.05). These results indicate that 3 wk of treatment with VS improves hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant NIDDM humans. These effects were sustained for up to 2 wk after discontinuation of VS. |
| author |
Cohen, N Halberstam, M Shlimovich, P Chang, C J Shamoon, H Rossetti, L Kubes, P Jutila, M Payne, D Keaney, J F Xu, A Cunningham, D Jackson, T Frei, B Vita, J A Hu, Q Trevisan, M Xu, Y Dong, W Berger, S A Lyman, S D Minden, M D Dickson, K Philip, A Warshawsky, H O'Connor-McCourt, M Bergeron, J J Palmer, J N Hartogensis, W E Patten, M Fortuin, F D Long, C S Arnal, J F Münzel, T Venema, R C James, N L Bai, C L Mitch, W E Harrison, D G Franco, R S Palascak, M Thompson, H Joiner, C H Janes, C H Dickson, E R Okazaki, R Bonde, S McDonagh, A F Riggs, B L Theus, S A Andrews, R P Steele, P Walzer, P D Santanam, N Parthasarathy, S Molossi, S Elices, M Arrhenius, T Diaz, R Coulber, C Rabinovitch, M Holvoet, P Perez, G Zhao, Z Brouwers, E Bernar, H Collen, D McCray, P B Armstrong, K Zabner, J Miller, D W Koretzky, G A Couture, L Robillard, J E Smith, A E Welsh, M J Weller, M Malipiero, U Aguzzi, A Reed, J C Fontana, A Zuany-Amorim, C Hailé, S Leduc, D Dumarey, C Huerre, M Vargaftig, B B Pretolani, M Sztalryd, C Komaromy, M C Kraemer, F B Feldman, L J Steg, P G Zheng, L P Chen, D Kearney, M McGarr, S E Barry, J J Dedieu, J F Perricaudet, M Isner, J M Sebbag, M Simon, M Vincent, C Masson-Bessière, C Girbal, E Durieux, J J Serre, G Gorn, A H Rudolph, S M Flannery, M R Morton, C C Weremowicz, S Wang, T Z Krane, S M Goldring, S R Ylä-Herttuala, S Luoma, J Viita, H Hiltunen, T Sisto, T Nikkari, T O'Riordan, D M Standing, J E Kwon, K Y Chang, D Crouch, E C Limper, A H Balashov, K E Khoury, S J Hafler, D A Weiner, H L Ivey, C L Williams, F M Collins, P D Jose, P J Williams, T J Cichy, J Potempa, J Chawla, R K Travis, J Silldorff, E P Yang, S Pallone, T L Juncos, L A Garvin, J Carretero, O A Ito, S DeCoy, D L Snapper, J R Breyer, M D Mbalaviele, G Chen, H Boyce, B F Mundy, G R Yoneda, T Kagaya, Y Weinberg, E O Ito, N Mochizuki, T Barry, W H Lorell, B H Irons, R D Le, A T Som, D B Stillman, W S Cross, A H Girard, T J Giacoletto, K S Evans, R J Keeling, R M Lin, R F Trotter, J L Karr, R W Uhing, M R Kimura, R E Uhing, M R Kimura, R E Ahmad, F Considine, R V Goldstein, B J Kaneko, M Swanson, M C Gleich, G J Kita, H Evers, B M Zhou, Z Celano, P Li, J Gelbmann, C M Schteingart, C D Thompson, S M Hofmann, A F Barrett, K E Bellmann, K Wenz, A Radons, J Burkart, V Kleemann, R Kolb, H de la Mata, J Uy, H L Guise, T A Story, B Boyce, B F Mundy, G R Roodman, G D Fasano, A Noriega, F R Maneval, D R Chanasongcram, S Russell, R Guandalini, S Levine, M M Heidenreich, S Tepel, M Schlüter, H Harrach, B Zidek, W Kasama, T Strieter, R M Lukacs, N W Lincoln, P M Burdick, M D Kunkel, S L Salmon, J E Millard, S S Brogle, N L Kimberly, R P Bellido, T Jilka, R L Boyce, B F Girasole, G Broxmeyer, H Dalrymple, S A Murray, R Manolagas, S C Kennedy, B Bigby, T D Ziegler, M G Marsh, N L Elias, P M Holleran, W M Prank, K Nowlan, S J Harms, H M Kloppstech, M Brabant, G Hesch, R D Sejnowski, T J Hino, S Katamine, S Miyamoto, T Doi, H Tsuji, Y Yamabe, T Kaplan, J E Rudolph, D L Lal, R B Nair, K S Ford, G C Ekberg, K Fernqvist-Forbes, E Wahren, J |
| author_facet |
Cohen, N Halberstam, M Shlimovich, P Chang, C J Shamoon, H Rossetti, L Kubes, P Jutila, M Payne, D Keaney, J F Xu, A Cunningham, D Jackson, T Frei, B Vita, J A Hu, Q Trevisan, M Xu, Y Dong, W Berger, S A Lyman, S D Minden, M D Dickson, K Philip, A Warshawsky, H O'Connor-McCourt, M Bergeron, J J Palmer, J N Hartogensis, W E Patten, M Fortuin, F D Long, C S Arnal, J F Münzel, T Venema, R C James, N L Bai, C L Mitch, W E Harrison, D G Franco, R S Palascak, M Thompson, H Joiner, C H Janes, C H Dickson, E R Okazaki, R Bonde, S McDonagh, A F Riggs, B L Theus, S A Andrews, R P Steele, P Walzer, P D Santanam, N Parthasarathy, S Molossi, S Elices, M Arrhenius, T Diaz, R Coulber, C Rabinovitch, M Holvoet, P Perez, G Zhao, Z Brouwers, E Bernar, H Collen, D McCray, P B Armstrong, K Zabner, J Miller, D W Koretzky, G A Couture, L Robillard, J E Smith, A E Welsh, M J Weller, M Malipiero, U Aguzzi, A Reed, J C Fontana, A Zuany-Amorim, C Hailé, S Leduc, D Dumarey, C Huerre, M Vargaftig, B B Pretolani, M Sztalryd, C Komaromy, M C Kraemer, F B Feldman, L J Steg, P G Zheng, L P Chen, D Kearney, M McGarr, S E Barry, J J Dedieu, J F Perricaudet, M Isner, J M Sebbag, M Simon, M Vincent, C Masson-Bessière, C Girbal, E Durieux, J J Serre, G Gorn, A H Rudolph, S M Flannery, M R Morton, C C Weremowicz, S Wang, T Z Krane, S M Goldring, S R Ylä-Herttuala, S Luoma, J Viita, H Hiltunen, T Sisto, T Nikkari, T O'Riordan, D M Standing, J E Kwon, K Y Chang, D Crouch, E C Limper, A H Balashov, K E Khoury, S J Hafler, D A Weiner, H L Ivey, C L Williams, F M Collins, P D Jose, P J Williams, T J Cichy, J Potempa, J Chawla, R K Travis, J Silldorff, E P Yang, S Pallone, T L Juncos, L A Garvin, J Carretero, O A Ito, S DeCoy, D L Snapper, J R Breyer, M D Mbalaviele, G Chen, H Boyce, B F Mundy, G R Yoneda, T Kagaya, Y Weinberg, E O Ito, N Mochizuki, T Barry, W H Lorell, B H Irons, R D Le, A T Som, D B Stillman, W S Cross, A H Girard, T J Giacoletto, K S Evans, R J Keeling, R M Lin, R F Trotter, J L Karr, R W Uhing, M R Kimura, R E Uhing, M R Kimura, R E Ahmad, F Considine, R V Goldstein, B J Kaneko, M Swanson, M C Gleich, G J Kita, H Evers, B M Zhou, Z Celano, P Li, J Gelbmann, C M Schteingart, C D Thompson, S M Hofmann, A F Barrett, K E Bellmann, K Wenz, A Radons, J Burkart, V Kleemann, R Kolb, H de la Mata, J Uy, H L Guise, T A Story, B Boyce, B F Mundy, G R Roodman, G D Fasano, A Noriega, F R Maneval, D R Chanasongcram, S Russell, R Guandalini, S Levine, M M Heidenreich, S Tepel, M Schlüter, H Harrach, B Zidek, W Kasama, T Strieter, R M Lukacs, N W Lincoln, P M Burdick, M D Kunkel, S L Salmon, J E Millard, S S Brogle, N L Kimberly, R P Bellido, T Jilka, R L Boyce, B F Girasole, G Broxmeyer, H Dalrymple, S A Murray, R Manolagas, S C Kennedy, B Bigby, T D Ziegler, M G Marsh, N L Elias, P M Holleran, W M Prank, K Nowlan, S J Harms, H M Kloppstech, M Brabant, G Hesch, R D Sejnowski, T J Hino, S Katamine, S Miyamoto, T Doi, H Tsuji, Y Yamabe, T Kaplan, J E Rudolph, D L Lal, R B Nair, K S Ford, G C Ekberg, K Fernqvist-Forbes, E Wahren, J |
| author_sort |
Cohen, N |
| title |
Oral vanadyl sulfate improves hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. |
| title_short |
Oral vanadyl sulfate improves hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. |
| title_full |
Oral vanadyl sulfate improves hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. |
| title_fullStr |
Oral vanadyl sulfate improves hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Oral vanadyl sulfate improves hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. |
| title_sort |
oral vanadyl sulfate improves hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. |
| publishDate |
1995 |
| url |
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295932/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769096 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295933/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7539452 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295934/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769097 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295935/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7539453 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295936/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7539454 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295937/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769098 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295938/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7539455 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295939/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769099 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295940/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769100 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295941/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769101 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295942/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769102 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295943/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7539456 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295944/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769103 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295945/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7539457 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295946/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7539458 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295947/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769104 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295948/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769105 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295949/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769106 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295950/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7539459 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295951/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769107 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295952/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769108 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295953/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769109 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295954/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769110 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295955/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769111 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295956/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769112 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295957/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769113 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295958/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769114 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295959/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769115 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295960/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769116 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295961/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769117 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295962/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7539460 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295963/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7539461 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295964/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769118 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295965/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769119 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295966/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769120 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295967/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769121 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295968/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769122 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295969/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769123 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295970/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769124 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295971/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769125 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295972/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769126 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295973/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769127 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295974/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769128 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295975/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769129 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295976/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769130 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295977/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769131 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295978/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769132 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295979/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769133 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295980/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769134 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC295981/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7769135 |
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