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Quantitative Analysis of mRNA as a Marker for Viability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Numerous assays which use conserved DNA or rRNA sequences as targets for amplification have been described for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. However, these techniques have not been applied successfully to the monitoring of therapeutic efficacy owing to the persistence of amplifiable nucleic acid be...
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pubmed-842882002-05-02 Quantitative Analysis of mRNA as a Marker for Viability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Hellyer, T. J. DesJardin, L. E. Hehman, G. L. Cave, M. D. Eisenach, K. D. J Clin Microbiol Mycobacteriology and Aerobic Actinomycetes Numerous assays which use conserved DNA or rRNA sequences as targets for amplification have been described for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. However, these techniques have not been applied successfully to the monitoring of therapeutic efficacy owing to the persistence of amplifiable nucleic acid beyond the point at which smears and cultures become negative. Semiquantitative analysis of rRNA has been used to reduce the time required for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, although growth for up to 5 days in the presence of some drugs is still required to discriminate resistant strains. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether quantitative analysis of M. tuberculosis mRNA could be used to assess bacterial viability and to illustrate the application of this technique to rapid determination of drug susceptibility. Levels of mRNA encoding the 85B protein (α-antigen), IS6110 DNA, and 16S rRNA were compared in parallel cultures of M. tuberculosis that were treated with either no drug, 0.2 μg of isoniazid per ml, or 1 μg of rifampin per ml. Exposure of sensitive strains to isoniazid or rifampin for 24 h reduced the levels of 85B mRNA to <4 and <0.01%, respectively, of those present in control cultures without drug. In contrast, the levels of IS6110 DNA and 16S rRNA did not diminish over the same period. Strains which were resistant to either isoniazid or rifampin demonstrated no reduction in 85B mRNA in the presence of the drug to which they were nonresponsive. Quantitative analysis of 85B mRNA offers a potentially useful tool for the rapid determination of M. tuberculosis drug susceptibility and for the monitoring of therapeutic efficacy. American Society for Microbiology 1999-02 /pmc/articles/PMC84288/ /pubmed/9889206 Text en Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology |
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US National Library of Medicine |
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PubMed Central |
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English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English |
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Mycobacteriology and Aerobic Actinomycetes Cell Growth and Development Mycobacteriology and Aerobic Actinomycetes Gene Expression Mycobacteriology and Aerobic Actinomycetes Virology Gene Expression Mycology Mycology Transcriptional Regulation Virology Virology Gene Expression Parasitology Transcriptional Regulation Bacteriology Virology Transcriptional Regulation Parasitology Clinical Veterinary Microbiology Epidemiology DNA Dynamics and Chromosome Structure Virology Parasitology Cell Growth and Development Virology Clinical Veterinary Microbiology Gene Expression Bacteriology Virology Bacteriology Cell Growth and Development Chlamydiology and Rickettsiology Clinical Veterinary Microbiology Cell Growth and Development Mycobacteriology and Aerobic Actinomycetes Epidemiology Mycology Cell Growth and Development Mycology Bacteriology Bacteriology Cell Growth and Development Bacteriology Bacteriology Virology Mycobacteriology and Aerobic Actinomycetes Cell Growth and Development Mycobacteriology and Aerobic Actinomycetes Virology |
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Mycobacteriology and Aerobic Actinomycetes Cell Growth and Development Mycobacteriology and Aerobic Actinomycetes Gene Expression Mycobacteriology and Aerobic Actinomycetes Virology Gene Expression Mycology Mycology Transcriptional Regulation Virology Virology Gene Expression Parasitology Transcriptional Regulation Bacteriology Virology Transcriptional Regulation Parasitology Clinical Veterinary Microbiology Epidemiology DNA Dynamics and Chromosome Structure Virology Parasitology Cell Growth and Development Virology Clinical Veterinary Microbiology Gene Expression Bacteriology Virology Bacteriology Cell Growth and Development Chlamydiology and Rickettsiology Clinical Veterinary Microbiology Cell Growth and Development Mycobacteriology and Aerobic Actinomycetes Epidemiology Mycology Cell Growth and Development Mycology Bacteriology Bacteriology Cell Growth and Development Bacteriology Bacteriology Virology Mycobacteriology and Aerobic Actinomycetes Cell Growth and Development Mycobacteriology and Aerobic Actinomycetes Virology Hellyer, T. J. DesJardin, L. E. Hehman, G. L. Cave, M. D. Eisenach, K. D. Oshiro, Guy Owens, Julia C. Shellman, Yiqun Sclafani, Robert A. Li, Joachim J. Zumárraga, Martín J. Martin, Carlos Samper, Sofia Alito, Alicia Latini, Omar Bigi, Fabiana Roxo, Eliana Cicuta, María Elena Errico, Francisco Ramos, Miguel Castro Cataldi, Angel van Soolingen, Dick Romano, María Isabel Lan, Que Hiruma, Kiyoshi Hu, Xiao Jindra, Marek Riddiford, Lynn M. Williams, Stephanie L. Harris, N. Beth Barletta, Raúl G. Kamisango, Keiichi Kamogawa, Chieko Sumi, Mayumi Goto, Susumu Hirao, Akihide Gonzales, Frank Yasuda, Kiyomi Iino, Shiro Feng, Yong-Qing Alami, Raouf Bouhassira, Eric E. Aoki, Francisco Hideo Imai, Tamae Tanaka, Reiko Mikami, Yuzuru Taguchi, Hideaki Nishimura, Nancy Fusae Nishimura, Kazuko Miyaji, Makoto Schreiber, Angelica Zaninella Branchini, Maria Luiza Moretti Jabra-Rizk, Mary Ann Baqui, A. A. M. A. Kelley, Jacqueline I. Falkler, William A. Merz, William G. Meiller, Timothy F. Liu, Jinqi Barnett, Anna Neufeld, Ellis J. Dudley, Jaquelin P. Martell, María Gómez, Jordi Esteban, Juan I. Sauleda, Silvia Quer, Josep Cabot, Beatriz Esteban, Rafael Guardia, Jaime Zazzi, Maurizio Romano, Laura Catucci, Marinunzia Venturi, Giulietta De Milito, Angelo Valensin, Pier E. Larminie, Christopher G. C. Sutcliffe, Josephine E. Tosh, Kerrie Winter, Andrew G. Felton-Edkins, Zoe A. White, Robert J. Zhong, Kathleen J. Y. Kain, Kevin C. Shiyanov, Pavel Hayes, Steven A. Donepudi, Manjula Nichols, Anne F. Linn, Stuart Slagle, Betty L. Raychaudhuri, Pradip van der Zee, Anneke Verbakel, Harold van Zon, Johan-Carlo Frenay, Ine van Belkum, Alex Peeters, Marcel Buiting, Anton Bergmans, Anneke Panteleeff, Dana DeVange John, Grace Nduati, Ruth Mbori-Ngacha, Dorothy Richardson, Barbra Kreiss, Joan Overbaugh, Julie Hsieh, Yng-Ju Wang, Zhengxin Kovelman, Robert Roeder, Robert G. Attallah, Abdelfattah M. Ismail, Hisham El Masry, Samir A. Rizk, Hassan Handousa, Aia El Bendary, Mahmoud Tabll, Ashraf Ezzat, Farouk Herholz, Cornelia Miserez, Raymond Nicolet, Jacques Frey, Joachim Popoff, Michel Gibert, Maryse Gerber, Heinz Straub, Reto Chatellier, Sonia Gottschalk, Marcelo Higgins, Robert Brousseau, Roland Harel, Josee Banditt, Michael Koller, Theo Sogo, José M. Arai, Hiroyasu Petchclai, Bencha Khupulsup, Kalayanee Kurimura, Takashi Takeda, Katsumichi Moss, Delynn M. Croppo, Gian P. Wallace, Sara Visvesvara, Govinda S. Ji, Qun-sheng Chattopadhyay, Ansuman Vecchi, Manuela Carpenter, Graham Schmid, D. Scott Brown, Denise R. Nisenbaum, Rosane Burke, Rae Lyn Alexander, D’Anna Ashley, Rhoda Pellett, Philip E. Reeves, William C. Kodjo, Angeli Villard, Laurence Bizet, Chantal Martel, Jean-Louis Sanchis, Richard Borges, Evelyne Gauthier, Dominique Maurin, Françoise Richard, Yves Cooke, Charles Hans, Holly Alwine, James C. Farrell, David J. Vyse, A. J. Brown, D. W. G. Cohen, B. J. Samuel, R. Nokes, D. J. Karmali, Mohamed A. Petric, Martin Bielaszewska, Martina Cohney, Solomon J. Sanden, David Cacalano, Nicholas A. Yoshimura, Akihiko Mui, Alice Migone, Thi Sau Johnston, James A. Nilsson, Kenneth Lindquist, Olle Liu, Ai Jie Jaenson, Thomas G. T. Friman, Göran Påhlson, Carl Rasmussen, S. R. Aarestrup, F. M. Jensen, N. E. Jorsal, S. E. Filippa, Nathalie Sable, Carol L. Filloux, Chantal Hemmings, Brian Van Obberghen, Emmanuel Niemann, Stefan Richter, Elvira Rüsch-Gerdes, Sabine Singh-Naz, Nalini Sleemi, Ambreen Pikis, Andreas Patel, Kantilal M. Campos, Joseph M. McCullough, Michael J. Clemons, Karl V. Stevens, David A. Pati, Debananda Meistrich, Marvin L. Plon, Sharon E. Koehler, Ann P. Chu, Kai-Cheong Houang, Elizabeth T. S. Cheng, Augustine F. B. De Brauwer, Els Jacobs, Jan Nieman, Fred Bruggeman, Cathrien Drent, Marjolein De Pascalis, R. Del Pezzo, M. Nardone, G. Budillon, G. Lavitola, A. Novina, Carl D. Kumar, Sanjay Bajpai, Urmila Cheriyath, Venugopalan Zhang, Keming Pillai, Shiv Wortis, Henry H. Roy, Ananda L. Metherell, L. A. Logan, J. M. J. Stanley, J. Kessler, Harald H. Jungkind, Donald Stelzl, Evelyn Direnzo, Sue Vellimedu, Srinivas K. Pierer, Karen Santner, Brigitte Marth, Egon Touze, Antoine Enogat, Nathalie Buisson, Yves Coursaget, Pierre Bauer, Jeanett Andersen, Åse Bengård Chervinsky, David S. Zhao, Xian-Feng Lam, Du H. Ellsworth, MaryKay Gross, Kenneth W. Aplan, Peter D. Maslow, Joel N. Dawson, David Carlin, Elizabeth A. Holland, Steven M. Dyer, John R. Pilcher, Christopher D. Shepard, Robin Schock, Jody Eron, Joseph J. Fiscus, Susan A. Quantitative Analysis of mRNA as a Marker for Viability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| description |
Numerous assays which use conserved DNA or rRNA sequences as targets for amplification have been described for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. However, these techniques have not been applied successfully to the monitoring of therapeutic efficacy owing to the persistence of amplifiable nucleic acid beyond the point at which smears and cultures become negative. Semiquantitative analysis of rRNA has been used to reduce the time required for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, although growth for up to 5 days in the presence of some drugs is still required to discriminate resistant strains. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether quantitative analysis of M. tuberculosis mRNA could be used to assess bacterial viability and to illustrate the application of this technique to rapid determination of drug susceptibility. Levels of mRNA encoding the 85B protein (α-antigen), IS6110 DNA, and 16S rRNA were compared in parallel cultures of M. tuberculosis that were treated with either no drug, 0.2 μg of isoniazid per ml, or 1 μg of rifampin per ml. Exposure of sensitive strains to isoniazid or rifampin for 24 h reduced the levels of 85B mRNA to <4 and <0.01%, respectively, of those present in control cultures without drug. In contrast, the levels of IS6110 DNA and 16S rRNA did not diminish over the same period. Strains which were resistant to either isoniazid or rifampin demonstrated no reduction in 85B mRNA in the presence of the drug to which they were nonresponsive. Quantitative analysis of 85B mRNA offers a potentially useful tool for the rapid determination of M. tuberculosis drug susceptibility and for the monitoring of therapeutic efficacy. |
| author |
Hellyer, T. J. DesJardin, L. E. Hehman, G. L. Cave, M. D. Eisenach, K. D. Oshiro, Guy Owens, Julia C. Shellman, Yiqun Sclafani, Robert A. Li, Joachim J. Zumárraga, Martín J. Martin, Carlos Samper, Sofia Alito, Alicia Latini, Omar Bigi, Fabiana Roxo, Eliana Cicuta, María Elena Errico, Francisco Ramos, Miguel Castro Cataldi, Angel van Soolingen, Dick Romano, María Isabel Lan, Que Hiruma, Kiyoshi Hu, Xiao Jindra, Marek Riddiford, Lynn M. Williams, Stephanie L. Harris, N. Beth Barletta, Raúl G. Kamisango, Keiichi Kamogawa, Chieko Sumi, Mayumi Goto, Susumu Hirao, Akihide Gonzales, Frank Yasuda, Kiyomi Iino, Shiro Feng, Yong-Qing Alami, Raouf Bouhassira, Eric E. Aoki, Francisco Hideo Imai, Tamae Tanaka, Reiko Mikami, Yuzuru Taguchi, Hideaki Nishimura, Nancy Fusae Nishimura, Kazuko Miyaji, Makoto Schreiber, Angelica Zaninella Branchini, Maria Luiza Moretti Jabra-Rizk, Mary Ann Baqui, A. A. M. A. Kelley, Jacqueline I. Falkler, William A. Merz, William G. Meiller, Timothy F. Liu, Jinqi Barnett, Anna Neufeld, Ellis J. Dudley, Jaquelin P. Martell, María Gómez, Jordi Esteban, Juan I. Sauleda, Silvia Quer, Josep Cabot, Beatriz Esteban, Rafael Guardia, Jaime Zazzi, Maurizio Romano, Laura Catucci, Marinunzia Venturi, Giulietta De Milito, Angelo Valensin, Pier E. Larminie, Christopher G. C. Sutcliffe, Josephine E. Tosh, Kerrie Winter, Andrew G. Felton-Edkins, Zoe A. White, Robert J. Zhong, Kathleen J. Y. Kain, Kevin C. Shiyanov, Pavel Hayes, Steven A. Donepudi, Manjula Nichols, Anne F. Linn, Stuart Slagle, Betty L. Raychaudhuri, Pradip van der Zee, Anneke Verbakel, Harold van Zon, Johan-Carlo Frenay, Ine van Belkum, Alex Peeters, Marcel Buiting, Anton Bergmans, Anneke Panteleeff, Dana DeVange John, Grace Nduati, Ruth Mbori-Ngacha, Dorothy Richardson, Barbra Kreiss, Joan Overbaugh, Julie Hsieh, Yng-Ju Wang, Zhengxin Kovelman, Robert Roeder, Robert G. Attallah, Abdelfattah M. Ismail, Hisham El Masry, Samir A. Rizk, Hassan Handousa, Aia El Bendary, Mahmoud Tabll, Ashraf Ezzat, Farouk Herholz, Cornelia Miserez, Raymond Nicolet, Jacques Frey, Joachim Popoff, Michel Gibert, Maryse Gerber, Heinz Straub, Reto Chatellier, Sonia Gottschalk, Marcelo Higgins, Robert Brousseau, Roland Harel, Josee Banditt, Michael Koller, Theo Sogo, José M. Arai, Hiroyasu Petchclai, Bencha Khupulsup, Kalayanee Kurimura, Takashi Takeda, Katsumichi Moss, Delynn M. Croppo, Gian P. Wallace, Sara Visvesvara, Govinda S. Ji, Qun-sheng Chattopadhyay, Ansuman Vecchi, Manuela Carpenter, Graham Schmid, D. Scott Brown, Denise R. Nisenbaum, Rosane Burke, Rae Lyn Alexander, D’Anna Ashley, Rhoda Pellett, Philip E. Reeves, William C. Kodjo, Angeli Villard, Laurence Bizet, Chantal Martel, Jean-Louis Sanchis, Richard Borges, Evelyne Gauthier, Dominique Maurin, Françoise Richard, Yves Cooke, Charles Hans, Holly Alwine, James C. Farrell, David J. Vyse, A. J. Brown, D. W. G. Cohen, B. J. Samuel, R. Nokes, D. J. Karmali, Mohamed A. Petric, Martin Bielaszewska, Martina Cohney, Solomon J. Sanden, David Cacalano, Nicholas A. Yoshimura, Akihiko Mui, Alice Migone, Thi Sau Johnston, James A. Nilsson, Kenneth Lindquist, Olle Liu, Ai Jie Jaenson, Thomas G. T. Friman, Göran Påhlson, Carl Rasmussen, S. R. Aarestrup, F. M. Jensen, N. E. Jorsal, S. E. Filippa, Nathalie Sable, Carol L. Filloux, Chantal Hemmings, Brian Van Obberghen, Emmanuel Niemann, Stefan Richter, Elvira Rüsch-Gerdes, Sabine Singh-Naz, Nalini Sleemi, Ambreen Pikis, Andreas Patel, Kantilal M. Campos, Joseph M. McCullough, Michael J. Clemons, Karl V. Stevens, David A. Pati, Debananda Meistrich, Marvin L. Plon, Sharon E. Koehler, Ann P. Chu, Kai-Cheong Houang, Elizabeth T. S. Cheng, Augustine F. B. De Brauwer, Els Jacobs, Jan Nieman, Fred Bruggeman, Cathrien Drent, Marjolein De Pascalis, R. Del Pezzo, M. Nardone, G. Budillon, G. Lavitola, A. Novina, Carl D. Kumar, Sanjay Bajpai, Urmila Cheriyath, Venugopalan Zhang, Keming Pillai, Shiv Wortis, Henry H. Roy, Ananda L. Metherell, L. A. Logan, J. M. J. Stanley, J. Kessler, Harald H. Jungkind, Donald Stelzl, Evelyn Direnzo, Sue Vellimedu, Srinivas K. Pierer, Karen Santner, Brigitte Marth, Egon Touze, Antoine Enogat, Nathalie Buisson, Yves Coursaget, Pierre Bauer, Jeanett Andersen, Åse Bengård Chervinsky, David S. Zhao, Xian-Feng Lam, Du H. Ellsworth, MaryKay Gross, Kenneth W. Aplan, Peter D. Maslow, Joel N. Dawson, David Carlin, Elizabeth A. Holland, Steven M. Dyer, John R. Pilcher, Christopher D. Shepard, Robin Schock, Jody Eron, Joseph J. Fiscus, Susan A. |
| author_facet |
Hellyer, T. J. DesJardin, L. E. Hehman, G. L. Cave, M. D. Eisenach, K. D. Oshiro, Guy Owens, Julia C. Shellman, Yiqun Sclafani, Robert A. Li, Joachim J. Zumárraga, Martín J. Martin, Carlos Samper, Sofia Alito, Alicia Latini, Omar Bigi, Fabiana Roxo, Eliana Cicuta, María Elena Errico, Francisco Ramos, Miguel Castro Cataldi, Angel van Soolingen, Dick Romano, María Isabel Lan, Que Hiruma, Kiyoshi Hu, Xiao Jindra, Marek Riddiford, Lynn M. Williams, Stephanie L. Harris, N. Beth Barletta, Raúl G. Kamisango, Keiichi Kamogawa, Chieko Sumi, Mayumi Goto, Susumu Hirao, Akihide Gonzales, Frank Yasuda, Kiyomi Iino, Shiro Feng, Yong-Qing Alami, Raouf Bouhassira, Eric E. Aoki, Francisco Hideo Imai, Tamae Tanaka, Reiko Mikami, Yuzuru Taguchi, Hideaki Nishimura, Nancy Fusae Nishimura, Kazuko Miyaji, Makoto Schreiber, Angelica Zaninella Branchini, Maria Luiza Moretti Jabra-Rizk, Mary Ann Baqui, A. A. M. A. Kelley, Jacqueline I. Falkler, William A. Merz, William G. Meiller, Timothy F. Liu, Jinqi Barnett, Anna Neufeld, Ellis J. Dudley, Jaquelin P. Martell, María Gómez, Jordi Esteban, Juan I. Sauleda, Silvia Quer, Josep Cabot, Beatriz Esteban, Rafael Guardia, Jaime Zazzi, Maurizio Romano, Laura Catucci, Marinunzia Venturi, Giulietta De Milito, Angelo Valensin, Pier E. Larminie, Christopher G. C. Sutcliffe, Josephine E. Tosh, Kerrie Winter, Andrew G. Felton-Edkins, Zoe A. White, Robert J. Zhong, Kathleen J. Y. Kain, Kevin C. Shiyanov, Pavel Hayes, Steven A. Donepudi, Manjula Nichols, Anne F. Linn, Stuart Slagle, Betty L. Raychaudhuri, Pradip van der Zee, Anneke Verbakel, Harold van Zon, Johan-Carlo Frenay, Ine van Belkum, Alex Peeters, Marcel Buiting, Anton Bergmans, Anneke Panteleeff, Dana DeVange John, Grace Nduati, Ruth Mbori-Ngacha, Dorothy Richardson, Barbra Kreiss, Joan Overbaugh, Julie Hsieh, Yng-Ju Wang, Zhengxin Kovelman, Robert Roeder, Robert G. Attallah, Abdelfattah M. Ismail, Hisham El Masry, Samir A. Rizk, Hassan Handousa, Aia El Bendary, Mahmoud Tabll, Ashraf Ezzat, Farouk Herholz, Cornelia Miserez, Raymond Nicolet, Jacques Frey, Joachim Popoff, Michel Gibert, Maryse Gerber, Heinz Straub, Reto Chatellier, Sonia Gottschalk, Marcelo Higgins, Robert Brousseau, Roland Harel, Josee Banditt, Michael Koller, Theo Sogo, José M. Arai, Hiroyasu Petchclai, Bencha Khupulsup, Kalayanee Kurimura, Takashi Takeda, Katsumichi Moss, Delynn M. Croppo, Gian P. Wallace, Sara Visvesvara, Govinda S. Ji, Qun-sheng Chattopadhyay, Ansuman Vecchi, Manuela Carpenter, Graham Schmid, D. Scott Brown, Denise R. Nisenbaum, Rosane Burke, Rae Lyn Alexander, D’Anna Ashley, Rhoda Pellett, Philip E. Reeves, William C. Kodjo, Angeli Villard, Laurence Bizet, Chantal Martel, Jean-Louis Sanchis, Richard Borges, Evelyne Gauthier, Dominique Maurin, Françoise Richard, Yves Cooke, Charles Hans, Holly Alwine, James C. Farrell, David J. Vyse, A. J. Brown, D. W. G. Cohen, B. J. Samuel, R. Nokes, D. J. Karmali, Mohamed A. Petric, Martin Bielaszewska, Martina Cohney, Solomon J. Sanden, David Cacalano, Nicholas A. Yoshimura, Akihiko Mui, Alice Migone, Thi Sau Johnston, James A. Nilsson, Kenneth Lindquist, Olle Liu, Ai Jie Jaenson, Thomas G. T. Friman, Göran Påhlson, Carl Rasmussen, S. R. Aarestrup, F. M. Jensen, N. E. Jorsal, S. E. Filippa, Nathalie Sable, Carol L. Filloux, Chantal Hemmings, Brian Van Obberghen, Emmanuel Niemann, Stefan Richter, Elvira Rüsch-Gerdes, Sabine Singh-Naz, Nalini Sleemi, Ambreen Pikis, Andreas Patel, Kantilal M. Campos, Joseph M. McCullough, Michael J. Clemons, Karl V. Stevens, David A. Pati, Debananda Meistrich, Marvin L. Plon, Sharon E. Koehler, Ann P. Chu, Kai-Cheong Houang, Elizabeth T. S. Cheng, Augustine F. B. De Brauwer, Els Jacobs, Jan Nieman, Fred Bruggeman, Cathrien Drent, Marjolein De Pascalis, R. Del Pezzo, M. Nardone, G. Budillon, G. Lavitola, A. Novina, Carl D. Kumar, Sanjay Bajpai, Urmila Cheriyath, Venugopalan Zhang, Keming Pillai, Shiv Wortis, Henry H. Roy, Ananda L. Metherell, L. A. Logan, J. M. J. Stanley, J. Kessler, Harald H. Jungkind, Donald Stelzl, Evelyn Direnzo, Sue Vellimedu, Srinivas K. Pierer, Karen Santner, Brigitte Marth, Egon Touze, Antoine Enogat, Nathalie Buisson, Yves Coursaget, Pierre Bauer, Jeanett Andersen, Åse Bengård Chervinsky, David S. Zhao, Xian-Feng Lam, Du H. Ellsworth, MaryKay Gross, Kenneth W. Aplan, Peter D. Maslow, Joel N. Dawson, David Carlin, Elizabeth A. Holland, Steven M. Dyer, John R. Pilcher, Christopher D. Shepard, Robin Schock, Jody Eron, Joseph J. Fiscus, Susan A. |
| author_sort |
Hellyer, T. J. |
| title |
Quantitative Analysis of mRNA as a Marker for Viability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| title_short |
Quantitative Analysis of mRNA as a Marker for Viability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| title_full |
Quantitative Analysis of mRNA as a Marker for Viability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| title_fullStr |
Quantitative Analysis of mRNA as a Marker for Viability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Quantitative Analysis of mRNA as a Marker for Viability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| title_sort |
quantitative analysis of mrna as a marker for viability of mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| publisher |
American Society for Microbiology |
| publisher_facet |
American Society for Microbiology |
| publishDate |
1999 |
| url |
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84288/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889206 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84289/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10373538 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84290/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889207 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84291/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10373539 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84292/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889208 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84293/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889209 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84294/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10373540 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84295/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889210 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84296/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889211 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84297/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10373541 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84298/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889212 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84299/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889213 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84300/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10373542 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84301/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889214 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84302/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10373543 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84303/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889215 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84304/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889216 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84305/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10373544 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84306/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889217 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84307/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889218 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84308/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889219 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84309/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10373545 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84310/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889220 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84311/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889221 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84312/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10373546 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84313/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889222 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84314/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889223 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84315/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10373547 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84316/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889224 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84317/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889225 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84318/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889226 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84319/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10373548 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84320/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889227 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84321/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889228 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84322/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10373549 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84323/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889229 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84324/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889230 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84325/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889231 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84326/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10373550 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84327/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889232 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84328/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889233 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84329/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889234 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84330/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10373551 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84331/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889235 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84332/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889236 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84333/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889237 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84334/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889238 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84335/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10373552 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84336/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889239 https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC84337/ https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9889240 |
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